Her2 Protein

Colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) is also known as macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor (M-CSFR), CD115 Cluster of Differentiation 115 (CD115), C-FMS, CSFR, FIM2, FMS, and is a member of the type Ⅲ subfamily of receptor tyrosine kinases. M-CSF receptor, the product of the c-fms proto-oncogene, is a member of the type III subfamily of receptor tyrosine kinases that also includes receptors for SCF and PDGF. These receptors each contain five immunoglobulin-like domains in their extracellular domain (ECD) and a split kinase domain in their intracellular region. M-CSF receptor is expressed primarily on cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage, dendritic cells, stem cells and in the developing placenta. M-CSF R engagement is continuously required for macrophage survival and regulates lineage decisions and maturation of monocytes, macrophages, osteoclasts and DC. M-CSF R and integrin alpha v beta 3 share signaling pathways during osteoclastogenesis and deletion of either causes osteopetrosis. In the brain, microglia expressing increased M-CSF R are concentrated with Alzheimers a beta peptide, but their role in pathogenesis is unclear.The HER2/neu gene is one of the family of genes encoding transmembrane receptors for four growth factors, including the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), HER2/neu, HER3, and HER4. The HER2/neu gene is localized on the long arm (q21) of chromosome 17. This gene codes for a 185 kDa receptor-type tyrosine protein kinase (p185 neu or c-erbB-2) similar to EGFR. This 1255 amino acid transmembrane glycoprotein is composed of three domains: an extracellular factor-binding domain, a transmembrane domain, and an intracellular domain with tyrosine kinase activity. The intracellular domain of HER2/neu has tyrosine kinase activity, which regulates cell growth and proliferation. HER2/neu is over-expressed in 20-25% of invasive breast cancers and is associated with an aggressive tumor, early relapse, and reduced survival.