P5 eight.two 0.4a 11.9 ten.four 13.five 0.8c 0.6b 0.5d Plant height (cm) 91 6.5a 104 101 115 four.3b four.9ab 8.1c Root length (cm) 14.1 0.4a 17.six 16.two 19.four 0.7c 0.4b 0.8d Root dry weight (g) 1.3 0.09a 1.eight 0.14c 1.5 0.11b 2.0 0.19cPathogen F. oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum Detection in the RhizosphereA real-time PCR assay was applied to figure out the population of FOC in rhizosphere soil at the finish of the CCKBR Antagonist custom synthesis experiments. The results indicated that the application of strain B2 or P5 alone drastically suppressed the population of FOC in rhizosphere soils, which was lowered by 74.0 and 30.five in comparison with the CK treatment, respectively (Figure 8). The B2 + P5 treatmentTreatments: CK, with no any microbial treatment; B2, inoculation with HDAC1 Inhibitor Compound Bacillus amyloliquefaciens B2; P5, inoculation with Pleurotus ostreatus P5; B2 + P5, coinoculation with B. amyloliquefaciens B2 and P. ostreatus P5. Imply values and standard deviations are listed. Diverse letters within a column indicate significant variations (p 0.05; Duncan’s test) amongst therapies.Frontiers in Microbiology | frontiersin.orgAugust 2021 | Volume 12 | ArticleWang et al.Co-application of Bacteria and FungusFIGURE 8 | Effect of diverse treatments on the population of F. oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum (FOC) in rhizosphere soil at 60 days soon after transplanting. Remedies: CK, devoid of any microbial treatment; B2, inoculation with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens B2; P5, inoculation with Pleurotus ostreatus P5; B2 + P5, co-inoculation with B. amyloliquefaciens B2 and P. ostreatus P5. Different letters above every bar indicate substantial variations (p 0.05; Duncan’s test) among therapies. TABLE 4 | Phenolic acids within the soils of four remedies immediately after harvesting the cucumber plant. Remedy Concentration ( g-1 ) HA CK B2 P5 B2 + P5 78.three 3.4d 58.9 4.7c 46.0 25.4 3.3b 3.7a VA 36.7 3.2d 30.9 1.3c 25.two 19.6 two.3b 1.0a FA 53.6 two.1d 45.1 2.7c 34.4 15.4 2.0b 1.6a CA 19.7 0.9d 16.two 1.3c 12.8 7.two 1.3b 0.8a BA 25.2 1.8d 22.1 1.2c 18.6 11.0 1.1b 1.3a Total 213.6 eight.6d 173.1 5.8c 136.9 6.7b 78.5 three.5aHA, p-hydroxybenzoic acid; VA, vanillic acid; FA, ferulic acid; CA, p-coumaric acid; BA, benzoic acid. Mean values and regular deviations are listed. Different letters within a column indicate substantial variations (p 0.05; Duncan’s test) amongst treatments.at 60 days just after transplanting. Disease incidence was drastically positively correlated with FOC and contents of p-hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillic acid, ferulic acid, p-coumaric acid, benzoic acid, and total phenolic acids (p 0.05; Figure 9).DISCUSSIONIn this study, an antagonistic B. amyloliquefaciens B2 was isolated from rhizosphere soil sample of cucumber plants. The physiological and biochemical characteristics and phylogenetic analyses on the 16S rDNA and gyrB gene sequences confirmed that strain B2 was B. amyloliquefaciens. The isolation of Bacillus species from numerous crops’ rhizosphere soil has been extensively studied (Abdallah et al., 2018). Strain B2 created significant amounts of IAA (42.7 ml-1 ), which may well improve root development and enable the plant to uptake additional nutrients from soil. Important amounts of in vitro IAA production by B. amyloliquefaciens have also been documented by Abdallah et al. (2018) and Daraz et al. (2020). The production of siderophores by strain B2 could play an important role in promoting plant development by giving Fe for the plant and by limiting the Fe availability to pathogens. Yu et al. (2011) also found that the Bacillus subtilis CAS15 produced a s
