Drenodoxin–Adx; HSD17B–17hydroxysteroid cytochrome; ADR–adrenodoxin reductase; adrenodoxin–Adx; HSD17B–17hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase; CYP11B2–aldosterone synthase; CYP11B1–11-hydroxylase; STAT5 Inhibitor Accession CYP19A1– hydroxylase; CYP19A1–aromatase; SRD5A1–5reductase 1; SRD5A2–5 reductase 2 [3,4,12]. aromatase; SRD5A1–5reductase 1; SRD5A2–5 reductase two [3,four,12].The skin, by 17HSD3 and 17HSD3 expression, contributes for the use of DHEAs The skin, by 17HSD3 and 17HSD3 expression, synthesis in the use Adipose and and androstenedione as precursors for testosterone contributes towomen. of DHEAscells androstenedione as precursors which can be vital for the in women. synthesis cells express express aromatase (CYP19A1), for testosterone synthesis peripheral Adipose of estrogens aromatase (CYP19A1), that is vital for the peripheral synthesis of estrogens from from androgens. androgens. three. Sex Development in 46,XX three. Sex Development in 46,XX The gonads are bipotent and undifferentiated, which can be comparable inside the two sexes (within the gonads are bipotent and undifferentiated, that is similar inside the two sexes light microscopy, electron microscopy, and transcriptome analysis), until the age of six (in light microscopy, electron microscopy, and transcriptome analysis), until the age of weeks of intrauterine life [13]. The gonads derive from the urogenital ridge (originated 6 weeks of intrauterine life [13]. The gonads derive in the urogenital ridge (originated in the intermediate mesoderm in week 4), which will create the genital, adrenal and from the intermediate mesoderm in week four), which will create the genital, adrenal reno-urinary structures (via pronephros, and later, mesonephros and metanephros) (Figure and reno-urinary structures (by way of pronephros, and later, mesonephros and metanephros) 2). This initial process, plus the formation formation from the ridge, is under theis below the (Figure 2). This initial method, along with the on the urogenital urogenital ridge, influence of transcription components (SHH, GLI3, SALL1, FOXD2, WT1, PBX1), signaling pathways (WNT4), influence of transcription factors (SHH, GLI3, SALL1, FOXD2, WT1, PBX1), signaling or a mGluR2 Activator Storage & Stability telomerase activity telomerase(ACD) [13,14]. Additional improvement of adrenogonadal pathways (WNT4), or possibly a regulator activity regulator (ACD) [13,14]. Further improvement primordia is influenced byisNR5A1, NR0B1, CITED2, WNT4, and WNT4,by vascular of adrenogonadal primordia influenced by NR5A1, NR0B1, CITED2, also and also by improvement [14]. vascular development [14].Diagnostics 2021, 11, 1379 Diagnostics 2021, 11,4 of 22 four ofFigure two. Improvement of gonadal, adrenal and renourinary primordia in week 4 (initial two stages in figure)–week 5 (third primordia (initial figure)–week stage) [14]. [14]. stage)3.1. Gonads 3.1. Gonads Gonadal primordia is observed in humans in week five of gestation, being beneath the Gonadal primordia is observed in humans in week 5 of gestation, getting under the control of WT1, NR5A1, NR0B1, CBX1/2, LHX9, EMX2, GATA4, and SIX1/4 [15]. Studies in control of WT1, NR5A1, NR0B1, CBX1/2, LHX9, EMX2, GATA4, and SIX1/4 [15]. Research mice have shown that, at this moment, genes which are linked with Sertoli (testicular) in mice have shown that, at this moment, genes which can be related with Sertoli (testicular) (SOX9, FGF9, PGD2) or granulosa (ovarian) (WNT4, RSPO1, CTNNB1, FST) differentiation (SOX9, FGF9, PGD2) or granulosa (ovarian) (WNT4, RSPO1, CTNNB1, FST) are expressed at similar levels in each.
