T al. 2018 [224] Naidu et al. 2018 [104] Poursanidis et al. 2020 [204] Rudiastuti et al. 2021 [68] Satellite Applied Landsat WV-2 Landsat Landsat Landsat Quickbird Quickbird Sentinel-2 Sentinel-2 GeoEye-1 and WV-2 WV-2 Sentinel-2 Sentinel-2 Method Applied RF, SVM SVM MLH MLH SVM MLH MLH ISODATA RF, SVM MLH MLH DT, RF, SVM ISODATA, K-Means Quantity of Classes 4 9 six 4 2 four 4 ten and 12 four 3 7 4Remote Sens. 2021, 13,15 ofTable A1. Cont. Reference Shapiro et al. 2020 [69] Siregar et al. 2020 [76] GNE-371 DNA/RNA Synthesis Sutrisno et al. 2021 [77] Wicaksono Lazuardi 2018 [84] Wicaksono et al. 2019 [185] Xu et al. 2019 [107] Zhafarina Wicaksono 2019 [85] Satellite Applied Sentinel-2 WV-2 and SPOT-6 SPOT-6 Planet Scope WV-2 WV-2 Planet Scope Method Made use of RF MLH K-Means, ISODATA, MLH DT, MLH, SVM DT, RF, SVM SVM, MLH RF, SVM Number of Classes 4 eight 4 five 4 and 14 5
remote sensingArticleClouds’ Microphysical Properties and Their Partnership with Lightning Activity in Northeast BrazilLizandro Pereira de Abreu 1,two, , Weber Andrade Gon lves 2,three , Enrique Vieira Mattos 4 , Pedro Rodrigues Mutti two,three , Daniele Torres Rodrigues two,5 and Marcos Paulo Ara o da Silva1Instituto Federal do Piau(IFPI), Campus Corrente, Rua 06, S/N, Nova Corrente, Corrente 64980-000, Brazil Programa de P -Gradua o em Ci cias Clim icas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Av. Senador Salgado Filho 3000, Lagoa Nova, Natal 59078-970, Brazil; [email protected] (W.A.G.); [email protected] (P.R.M.); [email protected] (D.T.R.) Departamento de Ci cias Atmosf icas e Clim icas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Av. Senador Salgado Filho 3000, Lagoa Nova, Natal 59078-970, Brazil Instituto de Recursos Naturais, Universidade Federal de GYKI 52466 Technical Information Itajub(UNIFEI), Av. BPS, 1303, Itajub37500-903, Brazil; [email protected] Departamento de Estat tica, Universidade Federal do Piau(UFPI), Av. Campus Universit io Ministro Petr io Portella, Ininga, Teresina 64049-550, Brazil CommSensLab-UPC, Department of Signal Theory and Communications (TSC), Universitat Polit nica de Catalunya (UPC), Campus Nord, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain; [email protected] Correspondence: [email protected]: de Abreu, L.P.; Gon lves, W.A.; Mattos, E.V.; Mutti, P.R.; Rodrigues, D.T.; da Silva, M.P.A. Clouds’ Microphysical Properties and Their Relationship with Lightning Activity in Northeast Brazil. Remote Sens. 2021, 13, 4491. https://doi.org/ 10.3390/rs13214491 Academic Editor: Filomena Romano Received: 31 August 2021 Accepted: ten October 2021 Published: eight NovemberAbstract: The Northeast area of Brazil (NEB) has a high rate of deaths from lightning strikes (18 from the country’s total). The region has states, which include Piau with higher mortality rates (1.eight deaths per million), a great deal larger than the national rate (0.8) and also the NEB rate (0.five). Within this sense, the present operate analyzes the microphysical traits of clouds with and with out the occurrence of total lightning. For this purpose, information from the Lightning Imaging Sensor (LIS), TRMM Microwave Imager (TMI) and Precipitation Radar (PR), aboard the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite from 1998 to 2013 were utilised. The TRMM data were analyzed to establish a partnership involving the occurrence of lightning plus the clouds’ microphysical traits, comparing them as a function of lightning occurrence classes, spatial place and atmospheric profiles. A larger lightning occurrence is related with larger values of ice water path (38.9 kg.
