These adipokines were adiponectin, leptin, visfatin, RBP-4, resistin, TNF-, IL-6, and vaspin. Supplementary Table 1 summarizes the potential functions of these adipokines that may link them to the pathogenesis of GDM. In general, the number of prospective studies on GDM risk and these adipokines, except adiponectin and leptin, was sparse. We did not identify prospective studies relating Procyanidin B1 supplement several novel adipokines, such as chemerin, apelin, omentin, or adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein, to GDM risk. Table 1 and Table 2 show characteristics of the 13 prospective studies about adiponectin and nine prospective studies about leptin, respectively. Overall, the reporting of the included studies was generally well described with sufficient details concerning key parameters such as the number of cases and controls, adipokine measurements (time for blood collection and assay method), and GDM diagnosis (time and criteria). Among the 13 included studies for adiponectin, six studies were conducted in Europe, four in North America, two in Asia and one in Australia. Five studies used the criteria proposed by Carpenter and Coustan or the American Diabetes Association (ADA) (these two criteria used the same procedure and cut points) for the diagnosis of GDM, three studies used the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria, three studies used the recently proposed criteriaMetabolism. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2016 June 01.Bao et al.Pageby the International Association of the Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG), and two used local criteria. GDM was usually diagnosed during the 24?8 weeks of gestation in these studies, with one exception. Blood samples for adiponectin measurement were C.I. 75535 solubility collected at 5?0 weeks of gestation. No substantial differences were observed in the assay methods applied to measure adiponectin levels. The majority of included studies used enzyme immunoassays (EIA), while others employed radioimmunoassay (RIA). Several studies reported quality control measurements for adiponectin [15, 19, 20, 22, 23, 36], and the intra-assay and inter-assay coefficients of variation were acceptable (all < 10 ). Of the nine studies for leptin, three studies were conducted in North America, two in the Europe, two in Asia, one in Australia, and one in Mexico. GDM was usually diagnosed during the 24?8 weeks of gestation. The definition used for GDM was the criteria proposed by Carpenter and Coustan or the ADA in three studies, the IADPSG criteria in two studies, the National Diabetes Data Group criteria in one study, and local criteria in another two studies. Blood samples for leptin measurement were collected at 5?0 weeks of gestation. No substantial differences were observed in the methodology applied to assays; five studies used RIA, while the other four studies used EIA. Several studies reported quality control measurements for leptin [14, 16, 19, 26, 36], and the intra-assay and inter-assay coefficients of variation were acceptable (all < 10 ). 3.2 Quantitative assessment of summary statistics 3.2.1 Adiponectin--Adiponectin was the most widely studied adipokines in relation to GDM, and the available studies yielded relatively consistent results across different populations. Among the included studies, three studies reported a comparable value but different unit of adiponectin (i.e., ng/ml in two studies [18, 21] and mg/ml in the other study [34]) compared with others (i.e., g/ml), and thus the reported values were unreasonably high or.These adipokines were adiponectin, leptin, visfatin, RBP-4, resistin, TNF-, IL-6, and vaspin. Supplementary Table 1 summarizes the potential functions of these adipokines that may link them to the pathogenesis of GDM. In general, the number of prospective studies on GDM risk and these adipokines, except adiponectin and leptin, was sparse. We did not identify prospective studies relating several novel adipokines, such as chemerin, apelin, omentin, or adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein, to GDM risk. Table 1 and Table 2 show characteristics of the 13 prospective studies about adiponectin and nine prospective studies about leptin, respectively. Overall, the reporting of the included studies was generally well described with sufficient details concerning key parameters such as the number of cases and controls, adipokine measurements (time for blood collection and assay method), and GDM diagnosis (time and criteria). Among the 13 included studies for adiponectin, six studies were conducted in Europe, four in North America, two in Asia and one in Australia. Five studies used the criteria proposed by Carpenter and Coustan or the American Diabetes Association (ADA) (these two criteria used the same procedure and cut points) for the diagnosis of GDM, three studies used the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria, three studies used the recently proposed criteriaMetabolism. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2016 June 01.Bao et al.Pageby the International Association of the Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG), and two used local criteria. GDM was usually diagnosed during the 24?8 weeks of gestation in these studies, with one exception. Blood samples for adiponectin measurement were collected at 5?0 weeks of gestation. No substantial differences were observed in the assay methods applied to measure adiponectin levels. The majority of included studies used enzyme immunoassays (EIA), while others employed radioimmunoassay (RIA). Several studies reported quality control measurements for adiponectin [15, 19, 20, 22, 23, 36], and the intra-assay and inter-assay coefficients of variation were acceptable (all < 10 ). Of the nine studies for leptin, three studies were conducted in North America, two in the Europe, two in Asia, one in Australia, and one in Mexico. GDM was usually diagnosed during the 24?8 weeks of gestation. The definition used for GDM was the criteria proposed by Carpenter and Coustan or the ADA in three studies, the IADPSG criteria in two studies, the National Diabetes Data Group criteria in one study, and local criteria in another two studies. Blood samples for leptin measurement were collected at 5?0 weeks of gestation. No substantial differences were observed in the methodology applied to assays; five studies used RIA, while the other four studies used EIA. Several studies reported quality control measurements for leptin [14, 16, 19, 26, 36], and the intra-assay and inter-assay coefficients of variation were acceptable (all < 10 ). 3.2 Quantitative assessment of summary statistics 3.2.1 Adiponectin--Adiponectin was the most widely studied adipokines in relation to GDM, and the available studies yielded relatively consistent results across different populations. Among the included studies, three studies reported a comparable value but different unit of adiponectin (i.e., ng/ml in two studies [18, 21] and mg/ml in the other study [34]) compared with others (i.e., g/ml), and thus the reported values were unreasonably high or.
