Is a less accurate measure of body fat mass compared to DXA [53]. MedChemExpress Fexinidazole Furthermore, Han and colleges reported that changes in BMI, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and waist circumference (WC) were associated with changes in cognitive function. Obese men with increased BMI, WHR, and WC over time experienced a positive change in cognitive function. Normal weight women with reduced WC over time and obese women with reduced WHR over time experienced cognitive decline at follow-up. Thus, the relationship between adiposity and cognitive HIF-2��-IN-1 site function may be dependent on the specific measure of body fat mass. 25033180 As such, the effect of central adiposity versus total fat mass on cognitive performance warrants further investigation and standardization of the most valid and reliable method of measuring fat mass is necessary to understand the true relationship between adipose tissue and cognitive function in older adults. Our study included the following limitations. Our study sample consisted exclusively of 
independent community-dwelling senior women who were without significant physical and cognitive impairments. Thus, the results of this study may not generalize to senior women with significant physical and/or cognitive impairments and we may have underestimated the contribution of change in body fat mass to selective attention and conflict resolution performance. Furthermore, the additional varianceFat Mass Contributes to Executive FunctionsTable 2. Multiple linear regression model assessing the contribution of fat and lean mass composition to trial completion Stroop test performance.Independent Variables Model 1 Baseline Stroop Age MMSE FCI GDS Experimental Group Model 2 Baseline Stroop Age MMSE FCI GDS Experimental Group D Fat Mass Model 3 Baseline Stroop Age MMSE FCI GDS Experimental Group D Fat Mass D Lean Massr 0.591 0.495* 0.193* 20.334* 0.221* 0.071 20.096 0.623 0.495* 0.193* 20.334* 0.221* 0.071 20.096 20.213* 0.630 0.495* 0.193* 20.334* 0.221* 0.071 20.096 20.213* 20.R2 0.Adjusted R2 0.R2 Change 0.356*Unstandardized B (Standard Error)Standardized bP – Value0.362 (0.065) 0.464 (0.460) 22.482 (1.017) 1.808 (0.799) 0.091 (0.671) 22.680 (1.564) 0.395 0.355 0.039* 0.348 (0.064) 0.469 (0.448) 22.569 (0.991) 2.015 (0.782) 20.179 (0.662) 22.675 (1.523) 20.001 (0.001) 0.403 0.358 0.008 0.342 (0.064) 0.443 (0.447) 22.580 (0.989) 2.088 (0.783) 20.273 (0.666) 22.638 (1.521) 20.001 (0.001) 20.001 (0.001)0.444 0.082 20.202 0.180 0.011 20.0.000 0.315 0.016 0.026 0.893 0.0.426 0.083 20.209 0.200 20.021 20.134 20.0.000 0.297 0.011 0.011 24786787 0.787 0.082 0.0.419 0.078 20.210 0.208 20.032 20.132 20.217 20.0.000 0.325 0.010 0.009 0.682 0.086 0.006 0.* = significance at p,0.05. D in Sub-total fat mass = Baseline fat mass subtracted by Final fat mass; D in Sub-total lean mass = Final lean mass subtracted by Baseline lean mass. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0052831.texplained by sub-total body fat mass in the statistical model 
was only 3.9 (R-square change). Although this was statistically significant, it is unclear whether this overall effect results in a clinically important improvement. We note that the minimal mean change in sub-total body fat mass (i.e., 304.62 grams or ,0.5 pounds) observed in this study may also underestimated the contribution of change in fat mass to selective attention and conflict resolution performance. Of note, the primary aim of the Brain POWER study intervention was to combat cognitive decline, not to change fat mass. As such, an intervention focused sole.Is a less accurate measure of body fat mass compared to DXA [53]. Furthermore, Han and colleges reported that changes in BMI, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and waist circumference (WC) were associated with changes in cognitive function. Obese men with increased BMI, WHR, and WC over time experienced a positive change in cognitive function. Normal weight women with reduced WC over time and obese women with reduced WHR over time experienced cognitive decline at follow-up. Thus, the relationship between adiposity and cognitive function may be dependent on the specific measure of body fat mass. 25033180 As such, the effect of central adiposity versus total fat mass on cognitive performance warrants further investigation and standardization of the most valid and reliable method of measuring fat mass is necessary to understand the true relationship between adipose tissue and cognitive function in older adults. Our study included the following limitations. Our study sample consisted exclusively of independent community-dwelling senior women who were without significant physical and cognitive impairments. Thus, the results of this study may not generalize to senior women with significant physical and/or cognitive impairments and we may have underestimated the contribution of change in body fat mass to selective attention and conflict resolution performance. Furthermore, the additional varianceFat Mass Contributes to Executive FunctionsTable 2. Multiple linear regression model assessing the contribution of fat and lean mass composition to trial completion Stroop test performance.Independent Variables Model 1 Baseline Stroop Age MMSE FCI GDS Experimental Group Model 2 Baseline Stroop Age MMSE FCI GDS Experimental Group D Fat Mass Model 3 Baseline Stroop Age MMSE FCI GDS Experimental Group D Fat Mass D Lean Massr 0.591 0.495* 0.193* 20.334* 0.221* 0.071 20.096 0.623 0.495* 0.193* 20.334* 0.221* 0.071 20.096 20.213* 0.630 0.495* 0.193* 20.334* 0.221* 0.071 20.096 20.213* 20.R2 0.Adjusted R2 0.R2 Change 0.356*Unstandardized B (Standard Error)Standardized bP – Value0.362 (0.065) 0.464 (0.460) 22.482 (1.017) 1.808 (0.799) 0.091 (0.671) 22.680 (1.564) 0.395 0.355 0.039* 0.348 (0.064) 0.469 (0.448) 22.569 (0.991) 2.015 (0.782) 20.179 (0.662) 22.675 (1.523) 20.001 (0.001) 0.403 0.358 0.008 0.342 (0.064) 0.443 (0.447) 22.580 (0.989) 2.088 (0.783) 20.273 (0.666) 22.638 (1.521) 20.001 (0.001) 20.001 (0.001)0.444 0.082 20.202 0.180 0.011 20.0.000 0.315 0.016 0.026 0.893 0.0.426 0.083 20.209 0.200 20.021 20.134 20.0.000 0.297 0.011 0.011 24786787 0.787 0.082 0.0.419 0.078 20.210 0.208 20.032 20.132 20.217 20.0.000 0.325 0.010 0.009 0.682 0.086 0.006 0.* = significance at p,0.05. D in Sub-total fat mass = Baseline fat mass subtracted by Final fat mass; D in Sub-total lean mass = Final lean mass subtracted by Baseline lean mass. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0052831.texplained by sub-total body fat mass in the statistical model was only 3.9 (R-square change). Although this was statistically significant, it is unclear whether this overall effect results in a clinically important improvement. We note that the minimal mean change in sub-total body fat mass (i.e., 304.62 grams or ,0.5 pounds) observed in this study may also underestimated the contribution of change in fat mass to selective attention and conflict resolution performance. Of note, the primary aim of the Brain POWER study intervention was to combat cognitive decline, not to change fat mass. As such, an intervention focused sole.
