rs as described in RNA extraction and RT-qPCR analysis Cells were cultured in YES medium at 26 or 36uC for 6 h. Cells were collected by centrifugation and pellets were suspended in 400 ml of AE buffer. Then, 40 ml of 10% SDS was added to each sample, and the suspension was vortexed. 440 ml of TE-saturated phenol was added, and vortexed. The mixture was freezed at 280uC and freezed samples were incubated at 65uC for 4 min. The mixture was dipped into liquid N2, and freezed completely. This freezethaw cycle was repeated 3 times. After centrifugation at 14,000 rpm for 5 min, Lonafarnib site Supernatant was transferred to a new tube. Equal volume of phenol:chloroform:isoamylalchol was added, and centrifuged at 14,000 rpm for 5 min. Supernatant was transferred to a new tube, and 1/10 volume of 3M sodium acetate and 62.5 volume of EtOH was added. After centrifugation at 14,000 rpm, 4uC, for 15 min, supernatant was removed. The precipitated RNAs were rinsed with 70% EtOH. Pellets were suspended in 50 ml of DEPC water. 3 mg of total RNAs were used for RT-qPCR analysis. RT-qPCR was performed with Takara one-step SYBR Prime Script RT-PCR kit according to the manufacturer’s instruction. Quantified DNA was normalized against act1. Primers used are listed in Synchronization of cell cycle and FACS analysis Cells were incubated at 26uC in EMM2 medium containing 20 mM hydroxyurea for 4 h to block the progression of the cell cycle at the G1/S phase. Synchronized cells were washed with sterile water three times. Subsequently, samples were inoculated to EMM2 without HU and incubated at 26uC or 36uC for 90 min. To synchronize cell cycle progression at G1 phase, logarithmically growing cells incubated in EMM2 with nitrogen at 26uC for 12 h were washed with sterile water three times. The cells were then inoculated to nitrogen-free EMM2 medium and incubated at 26uC for 12 h to arrest cell cycle progression at G1 phase. G1 arrested cells were transferred to YES medium and cultured at 26uC or 36uC for 6 h. Samples were collected PubMed ID:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22184166 every 15 min or 1 h by centrifugation. Ethanol was added to cell pellets, with vigorous vortexing. Cells were collected by centrifugation and washed once with 50 mM sodium citrate buffer. RNase A was added to the samples and incubated at 37uC for 
1 h. RNase A-treated samples were transferred to BD FACS flow containing 20 mg/ml propidium iodide. Cellular DNA was detected by a FACSCalibur with CELL Quest software. Results Isolation of a temperature sensitive asf1 mutant that showed elongated cell shape To investigate the functions of asf1, we constructed asf1 temperature sensitive mutants because asf1 is essential for growth in S. pombe. Mutations were randomly introduced into the asf1 gene by an error-prone PCR method, and PCR products linked to a kan marker gene were inserted into the chromosomal locus of asf1. We then selected temperature sensitive mutants that could hardly grow at 36uC. Some asf1-ts mutants showed elongated cell shape, which suggested their cell cycle is delayed or arrested. The asf1-33 mutant, which had the longest cell shape at the restrictive temperature, was selected for further analysis. Sequencing of the asf1-33 allele revealed that it contained six missense mutations that resulted in amino acid substitutions A16T, L61P, E119K, L121P, N155S, and E180G. The phenotype of the asf1-33 mutant led us to test the phosphorylation of Cdc2 because Cdc2 is phosphorylated at Y15 when the cell cycle is arrested. Phosphorylation decreases th
