Agonists and antagonists of miRNAs are being developed that may have a role in altering the response of both normal and malignant tissue to the effects of radiation. Further studies investigating specific miRNA responses, elaborating the mechanisms underlying these responses, and validating these findings in vivo are under way. The Rb family of pocket proteins comprises three members Rb, p107 and p130 that have unique and overlapping functions in cell cycle control, differentiation and inhibition of oncogenic transformation. In addition to its classical role in the control of cell progression, the influence of Rb on immune response was also proposed. In this sense, a significant fraction of genes associated with processes related to immune responses, 512-04-9 particularly those induced by pathogens or injuries including cell surface molecules, complement factors and genes involved in interferon system, are down-regulated in Rb knockout cells. In addition, transforming viral agents contain oncoproteins that inactivate Rb and strikingly, these tumor cells are more susceptible to virus infection than normal cells. Moreover, activation of Rb by IFN treatment has been reported. All together these results suggest that targeting Rb by viral proteins may serve as an advantage for viral replication. Nuclear factor-kB is a critical regulator of the immediate early pathogen response, playing an important role in promoting inflammation and in the regulation of cell proliferation and survival. In most cells NF-kB exists as an inactive cytoplasmic complex, whose predominant form is a heterodimer composed of p50 and RelA/p65 subunits, bound to inhibitory proteins of the IkB family. The inactive NF-kB complex is activated in response to a variety of stimuli, including viral and bacterial infections, exposure to proinflammatory cytokines, mitogens and growth factors, and stress-inducing agents, which activate the inhibitory kB kinases.This suggests that lack of NFkB activation by MDP in CD could explain the decreased response to MDP. Caspase 1 protein was MEDChem Express Zotarolimus constitutively highly expressed in CD monocytes, and was cleaved to its active form in unstimulated cells. No increases in the expression level or cleavage of caspase 1 were seen upon stimulation with MDP neither in CD nor in controls. Monocytes expressed the proteins of the NALP3- inflammasome on the protein level: NALP3, ASC, and CARD8. Released activated caspase 1 to the media was, however, equal in CD and control. As described
